Auckland University research : loyalty programs designed to make sure customers don't get rewards

An article earlier this month in the New Zealand Herald claimed that "Shoppers may be missing out on millions of dollars of savings through unclaimed rewards every year". It referenced research from Auckland University' Senior Marketing Lecturer Rick Starr under the headline "Loyalty schemes rely on shoppers forgetting to cash in their points". Rick's view was that "people often forget to redeem their points. And companies count on customers doing so because full redemption would "cut their profits"".

True - in part. But. It depends what type of program you're talking about. In the programs we operate, the driving principle is to get all the points that have been issued turned into rewards by the customers who have earned them. This isn't some egalitarian approach but a very mercenary one.

[Full Disclosure - the article mentions ASB True Rewards and The Warehouse's Rewards MasterCard - both are programs we work for].

There are two key behaviour changes that occur when a customer joins your performing, well designed, rich, relevant loyalty program.

Behaviour change 1.

The first occurs when they begin to earn points and is particularly marked if you've made them pay a fee or annual subscription to join (always a good idea if possible). For example - credit card customers who join the loyalty program attached to the credit card will almost immediately spend more on that card by a multiple of 2 or 3 times what they were spending on the same card before they joined the associated loyalty program.

Behaviour change 2.

The second and far more significant behaviour change occurs when the customer makes their first redemption for a reward. At this point their spend on the card increases again by a factor of 3 to 8 times their pre-loyalty program spend. This second spend lift is determined by what it is they've redeemed for. Customers who redeem for cash back or against their annual fee don't generally increase their spend markedly after redemption. If they've redeemed for merchandise, gift cards or travel - then the second lift is particularly marked.

Customers who don't redeem don't experience this second lift.

The upshot - redemption is good (very good) and points that don't get redeemed (termed "breakage") are bad. How much breakage is there in New Zealand? Rob Mercer of Forsyth Barr Research reckons it's 10% of all points.

Far from cutting a company's profits - points that don't get redeemed are bad business and a missed opportunity to lift spend for the points issuer.

Wall Street Journal profiles the "Stingiest" airline frequent flyer programs

In an article in today's Wall Street Journal entitled "The Road to Redemption - Which Airlines Are Generous With Frequent-Flier Award Seats and Which Aren't" some of our locally available airline's frequent flyer programs are profiled.

The article reports on research by IdeaWorks Company on the ease (or difficulty) with which members of airline Frequent Flyer loyalty programs are able to redeem their accumulated airline miles or points for free flights. According to IdeaWorks airlines are "killing these programs by not allowing more reward availability".

The IdeaWorks study was comprehensive making 280 different Frequent Flyer Program seat requests per airline Frequent Flyer Program reviewed (both long and short routes). This amounted to 6,160 queries at 22 airline websites.

The worst performer in the study was US Airways in which only 11% of the requested redemptions could be achieved. The best performer was SouthWest Airlines in which 99% of requested redemptions were available.

The study also included some (but not all - Air New Zealand was not part of the study for example) of the airlines that fly into New Zealand. The best performer for our locally available airline's Frequent flyer Programs was Virgin Blue's Velocity program in which 90% of requested seats were available. The results for the locally available airlines surveyed were:

• Virgin Blue's Velocity program - 90% of requested seats available
• Singapore Airlines KrisFlyer - 77.1%
• Qantas Airways Frequent Flyer Program - 72.9%
• Emirates Skywards Program - 36.4%

There are more and more airline miles chasing a flat pool of airline seats and according to the Wall Street Journal the "world is awash in frequent-flier miles partly because airlines have built a lucrative business selling them to credit card companies, hotels and others who use miles as incentives and rewards".

The volume of miles issued for things other than flying is now greater in some airlines than the miles issued for using the airline. For American Airlines in 2009 - 66% of the 175 billion miles issued were through their 1,000 partners (credit card companies, hotels and the like) who pay for them. That rate of issue together with the difficulty customers experience in redeeming them means that the balloon of frequent flyer miles outstanding around the world (currently estimated to be 10 trillion) just keeps growing.

Barclaycard Freedom - the (nearly) new credit card loyalty model

Barclaycard Freedom launched in the UK this month. It's an unusual model which has been implemented in similar forms in other parts of the world - most notable in our neighbourhood : Asia. BPI bank in the Philippines run this technology as their card loyalty program (called Real Thrills) as do Axis Bank in India (theirs is called Spice Rewards). The technology that underpins these offerings comes from France based Welcome Real-time who have been developing their solution for over 12 years (and with whom Carlson has a Asia Pacific partnership).

The mechanics (there are two) are similar in all applications :

(1) customers of the card company receive segmented offers at point of sale when they swipe their cards. These offers are printed on the till slip and are redeemable either back in that merchant or at another merchant.

(2) Customer of the card company can use their points to pay for their purchase at that merchant (not unlike ASB Bank's True Rewards program here in New Zealand).

The value of the first mechanic (offers on till slips) is clearer perhaps than the second (burning rewards points at the till). Most retailers want to get their customers through the till as fast as possible and any delay occasioned by a new process to redeem points wouldn't be appreciated. Importantly the retailer never knows the name or details of who they're making the offer to. They're simply card X which belongs to segment Y.

Merchants can set up segments of card carrying customer types from that issuer - a "frequent visitor" or a "never been here before" segment for example. These segments get different offers on the till slip. Frequent Visitor might get a "bring a friend for free next time offer" while Never Been Here Before might get a "come back and get a discounted item" offer. Merchants self manage these offers through an web portal.

What's different about Barclaycard's Freedom is that this is the first time this type of solution has been implemented on such a large scale in such a mature and sophisticated card market. The scale is significant. Barclaycard have 8 million customers who will be able to benefit from this solution at a large portfolio series of merchants (30,000 have been invited but less than that are available today). The goal is to have 200 outlets withing 5 miles of each customer making relevant offers.

If it pans out as its intended to then this is a great example of a marketing network in action. The three parties involved all benefit from relevance and richness.

The merchant is able to make different offers to different customers instead of the classic One Size Fits All structures. They don't have to incentivise business they were already going to get.

The customer gets an additional benefit on top of the others they're already receiving which, if the merchant gets their campaign management right, should be differently rich and differently relevant to each of them.

The bank in Barclaycard adds significant value to the near-commodity business of merchant acquiring as well as making their program an order of magnitude (again - if the merchants get their campaign management right) richer than competitor's card programs.

Oracle CRM and Loyalty event in Auckland - Carlson's 10 Loyalty Programme "Must Haves"

Karl Schuster (president of Carlson Marketing Asia Pacific) presented on loyalty as a business strategy at Oracle's CRM and Loyalty Event event in Auckland.

Oracle's CRM Solution Consulting lead Andrew Davidson first profiled Oracle's offerings in this space. Interestingly, Oracle's customer facing solutions are based on a four core components around a Siebel core. Sales and Service form the expected base and are pretty much table stakes for a customer application. The addition of Marketing tools lift the value of the offering from tactical to strategic. The inclusion of Loyalty as the fourth pillar recognises the importance of sustained customer relationships.

Karl Schuster followed Andrew and addressed a list of best practices that our global clients have implemented or are implementing in 2010. Not all suit all industries and not all necessarily belong together in the same program. However they're a useful starting point.

They are :

1. Multi-channel Quick Enroll : create as few barriers to joining as possible. Ask as few questions as possible when a prospect signs up to the programme. Ask for more data later on in the time of redemption.

2. Preference Center: Where the member manages their communication choices, such as their desired channel, timing, frequency.

3. Member Get Member : Allow the top loyalists in your program to become ambassadors and leverage their own networks to drive acquisition.

4. Multi-channel code submission: is a feature that enables a member to submit an on-pack rewards code via SMS, mobile website, email, web cam or any other channel.

5. Program Dashboards. get all the program data together in one view to be able to assess the performance of your investment (well supported in the Oracle solutions).

6. Instant Rewards: usually for smaller redemption value that drive engagement as an adjunct to the accrual of points. This is also an efficiency play that doesn't have to deal with physical goods.

7. Loyalty program toolbar and widget: Distribution of content and functionality via web browser toolbar or desktop applications.

8. Mobile Program website : The mobile internet is growing faster than than the PC based internet ever did. Customers are trained now to expect ubiquity of access.

9. Loyalty program fan page and feed: Specific fan-based messaging for Facebook, Twitter and others.

10. Dynamic e-Offers: Deployment and overall management of personalized, highly relevant, location based incentives

There are no average customers

The Sydney Morning Herald carried an article entitiled "Consumers paying high price for loyalty card rewards". The article was based on research from Choice (most likely similar to New Zealand's Consumer magazine). Their research argued that shopper loyalty cards offer "little benefit to shoppers" and profiled the value the key grocery retail programs offered .

An average Australian shopper (according to Roy Morgan Research) spends a mere $156 per week.

To earn a $50 gift card in Fly Buys requires spend of $15,000 at Coles (or think New World in New Zealand). At an average shopper's purchase rate of $156 per week that would take 2 years.

It would be faster at Woolworths Everyday Rewards program (think Progressive Enterprises Onecard in New Zealand) with customers earning the same $50 gift card after $11,000 or 1 year and 4 months.

One could indeed argue that for the average customer a $50 gift card in return for either 1.3 (Woolworths) or 2 years (Fly Buys) worth of dedicated shopping may not be enough return. That's debatable and some of our data would say otherwise.

However the real issue here is the use of "Average". There are no average customers and loyalty programs serve to enhance differences, especially financial ones, between them.

The figure shows an extract from an actual retail program. The customer base is ranked from best (buys the most) to worst customer along the x axis. The y axis then shows total sales from these customers. It's clear that the first few customers produce significant sales and the bottom customers very little.

For instance - the customer base once laid out from best to worst - is then cut into 10 deciles of equal turnover. In this case total turnover is $44m and each of those deciles is worth $4.4m. The first $4.4m of sales (or Decile 1) comes from only 91 customers. Each spends $49,000.

The last $4.4m of sales (or Decile 10) comes from over 42,000 customers. Each of them spends only $104.

Looking at this distribution, different customers are treated differently and top customers get inordinate amounts of value. In return they provide inordinate amounts of sales.

You are what you eat

There has been a long running loyalty program battle in the UK between Tesco (who were first to launch a loyalty card strategy in 1995) and Sainsburys who are a member of the Nectar coalition loyalty program (which I've written about before here). Much of the reporting about these retailers right now relates to their use and expenditure on their respective loyalty programs.

The battle heated up just before Christmas with Tesco doubling the points customers could earn - effectively doubling the value. Sainsbury's seems ave followed suit this month with an increase in the number of nectar points offered.

Tesco also mailed out GBP 67 million of vouchers in November that would normally have been sent in February.

So - who's winning?

Christmas trading results are due out in the next few days for Tesco but there's a concern that they've not got it right. Some analysts expect that their sales growth will be below that of their rivals. They're also concerned that Tesco will include GBP 100 million worth of loyalty vouchers in their sales figures (though the same analysts suggest that if they do this - decreasing their reported figures by 1.5% will deliver a true reflection of like-for-like sales).

Sainsbury's has already reported better than expected results for the Christmas period. In headlining these results - Sainsbury's CEO Justin King noted that "There will be a big difference between the haves and have-nots, with data. Those with loyalty data can see what customers are doing. If they are going elsewhere for a certain product, we can incentivise them to buy it with us.”

This is language that, in the past, would only have been heard from Tesco and their loyalty program partners dunhumby. In the Nectar program this data is worked by LMG Insight and Communication for Sainsbury (full disclosure : LMG is a sister company to Carlson Marketing. We're both owned by Groupe Aeroplan).

At Carlson we have always promoted the use of data to drive customer programs. The data in question for these two giants of UK grocery retailing is all the food their customers buy. The data that flows from customer's purchases of food is so accurate in determining their future buying habits that, in the words of the team at LMG, "You are what you eat".

We've partnered with Welcome Real-Time for point of sale rewards

We recently inked a deal with loyalty technology company Welcome Real-time to deliver a combined solution in the Oceanic and Asia Pacific market. It's called Carlson Marketing Point of Sale Rewards and it provides personalised loyalty experience in real time, at Point of Sale (POS).

The solution enables customers to redeem points for purchases at the till (instead of using money) and helps credit and debit card issuers to deliver personalised offers at the point of sale. It provides retailers with a great opportunity to market to their customers through their cards. retailers can treat different customers differently based on the RFM (Recency, Frequency, Monetary Value) of the payment card at their outlets. They don't need to know who the customer is and can provide an automated offer at the bottom of the till slip.

Welcome Real-time has customers in 30 countries and in the past year inked two serious deals. The first is with BarclayCard in the UK and the second with Maritz in the USA. Though not yet launched, these clients will bring Welcome Real-time into the G20 frame.